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How Is the Expansion of Virtual Courts Being Implemented Across India? A Comprehensive Overview

The Indian judiciary is undergoing a significant transformation with the introduction and expansion of virtual courts. This digital shift aims to make the judicial system more accessible, efficient, and transparent. The expansion of virtual courts is a part of the broader eCourts Project, which leverages technology to modernize court processes. This article provides a detailed look at how the expansion of virtual courts is being implemented across India, highlighting the plans and progress in different states.

The eCourts Project: A Brief Overview

The eCourts Project was launched under the National eGovernance Plan to integrate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the judiciary. The project aims to:

• Enhance Access to Justice: Making legal services more accessible to citizens, especially in remote areas.
• Improve Judicial Efficiency: Streamlining court processes to reduce delays and backlogs.
• Ensure Transparency: Promoting transparency and accountability in judicial proceedings.

Key Components of Virtual Court Expansion

Video Conferencing:

• Virtual courts utilize video conferencing technology to conduct hearings, allowing participants to join from different locations. This is particularly useful in regions with difficult terrain or limited access to court facilities.

e-Filing:

• The e-filing system enables the electronic submission of legal documents, reducing paperwork and speeding up the filing process. It also improves the accuracy and accessibility of court records.

e-Sewa Kendras:

• These centers serve as one-stop solutions for various digital court services, including e-filing and video conferencing. They help bridge the digital divide by providing necessary facilities to those without access to technology.

Implementation Across Different States

1. Maharashtra:

• Maharashtra has been proactive in adopting virtual courts, with numerous e-Sewa Kendras established across the state. The High Court of Bombay has implemented video conferencing facilities in several district courts, facilitating remote hearings.

2. Tamil Nadu:

• The High Court of Madras has made significant strides in virtual court implementation. Several district courts are equipped with e-filing systems and video conferencing facilities, enhancing judicial accessibility.

3. Karnataka:

• Karnataka's judiciary has embraced the eCourts Project, with the High Court of Karnataka setting up multiple virtual courts. The state has also focused on training judicial officers and court staff to effectively use digital tools.

4. Rajasthan:

• Rajasthan is in the process of establishing virtual courts, with pilot projects being launched in selected districts. The High Court of Rajasthan is working closely with the central government to ensure a smooth transition to digital court services.

5. Delhi:

• The High Court of Delhi has been a pioneer in implementing virtual courts. The court has established dedicated virtual benches and e-Sewa Kendras, making it easier for litigants to file cases and attend hearings remotely.

6. Gujarat:

• Gujarat has actively participated in the eCourts Project, with the High Court of Gujarat implementing video conferencing and e-filing systems. The state has also set up several e-Sewa Kendras to support the digital transition.

Progress and Milestones

Phase I and II:

• The initial phases of the eCourts Project focused on setting up basic ICT infrastructure, including computerization of court records and implementation of e-filing systems. These phases laid the groundwork for more advanced digital services.

Phase III:

• In September 2023, the Union Cabinet approved Phase III of the eCourts Project with a budget of ₹7,210 crore. This phase aims to further enhance video conferencing facilities, expand e-Sewa Kendras, and upgrade digital infrastructure across 10,200 courts in India.

Nationwide Implementation: